The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), India's premier stock exchange, exhibits a varied and strategic shareholding pattern as of March 31, 2025, underscoring its foundational role in the nation's financial ecosystem. The ownership mix, as depicted in recent data, highlights a blend of foreign and domestic institutional investors, alongside a growing presence of individual participants.

Key Shareholders and Their Stakes:

• Foreign Investors constitute a substantial 28% of the NSE's ownership. This significant foreign holding underscores global confidence in India's capital markets and the NSE's position within it.
• Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) holds a notable 10.7% stake in the NSE. This investment has emerged as one of LIC's top six most valuable holdings, despite the NSE currently being an unlisted entity. The valuation of LIC's stake in NSE was approximately ₹63,374 crore as of March 2025, based on unlisted market prices.
• Retail Investors collectively own 9.9% of the exchange, reflecting increasing direct participation of the Indian public in the country's financial infrastructure.
• High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs) account for 9.6% of the shareholding, indicating a strong interest from affluent domestic investors.
• Alternate Investment Funds hold 5.3%, showcasing the involvement of specialized investment vehicles.
• Government-backed entities and Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) play a crucial role:
  • GIC Re (General Insurance Corporation of India) holds 4.6%.
  • Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL) commands 4.4% of the shares. Notably, IFCI holds a significant stake in SHCIL.
  • SBI Capital holds 4.3%, while its parent, State Bank of India (SBI), holds 3.2%.
• Prominent individual investors also feature, with RK Damani holding a 4.6% stake. The veteran investor's holding in NSE has become his second most valuable investment after Avenue Supermarts (DMart), with a valuation of approximately ₹9,771 crore as of July 2025.
• The remaining 15.2% is categorized under "Others," representing a diverse group of smaller shareholders.

Anticipation Builds for NSE IPO

The detailed shareholding pattern comes at a pivotal time, as the National Stock Exchange inches closer to its much-anticipated Initial Public Offering (IPO). The listing has been delayed for several years due to regulatory issues, particularly concerning co-location and dark fiber cases.

However, recent developments indicate significant progress. NSE has proposed a substantial settlement to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to resolve these long-standing matters. If this settlement is approved, SEBI is expected to issue a No-Objection Certificate (NoC), paving the way for the IPO, potentially by the fourth quarter of the current financial year (FY26).

The prospect of an IPO has already created a buzz in the unlisted market, with NSE's unlisted share price surging by over 50% in the past month due to renewed investor optimism. Analysts suggest that the IPO could unlock significant value for existing shareholders and mark a major milestone for India's capital markets, further solidifying NSE's position as a dominant force.

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