How fundamental ratios are calculated
Trailing-twelve-month results, the latest balance sheet and the latest close.
Every ratio on a company's fundamentals page, and on every fundamental screen and comparison, comes from the same calculation, so the numbers always agree across pages.
Inputs
- Quarterly results filed with NSE and BSE: sales (total income for banks), operating profit, depreciation, interest, net profit, EPS. New quarters are extracted from filings within hours of publication and pass two publish gates (a period cross-check and a history sanity check).
- Balance sheet, cash flow, ratios and shareholding: the latest reported period.
- Share price: the latest end-of-day close.
- Shares outstanding: an authoritative count where one exists (cross-checked between sources); otherwise it is derived from reported profit ÷ EPS using only quarters on the current share basis, so a stock split or bonus cannot blend two share counts.
Definitions
Which statement: consolidated or standalone?
Consolidated figures are used by default, because they describe the whole group. Standalone is used instead when the consolidated series is too thin to produce trailing-twelve-month figures, or when consolidated reporting stopped more than five quarters before standalone. Otherwise a company that last consolidated in 2010 would show 2010 numbers as current.
Limits
Ratios are only as good as the filings they come from. Extraction errors are possible, and every company page links back to the underlying quarterly table so a number can be checked. Screens apply a market-cap floor because very small companies produce extreme ratios from one unusual quarter.
